整理/劉昶榮 制圖/李晗

堅白相盈

　　事物所具有的“堅”和“白”的屬性相互包含在同一個事物中。一塊堅硬的白石，當(dāng)眼睛看它時，只能看到石之白，看不到石之堅；當(dāng)手觸摸它時，只能摸到石之堅，摸不到石之白。但在一塊石頭中，則同時包含“堅”和“白”的屬性，兩種屬性不因感官的局限而彼此分離。后期墨家借由“堅白石”的例子，表達(dá)對于事物屬性的認(rèn)識。事物的各種屬性雖然出于不同的感官，但可以同時關(guān)聯(lián)在同一個事物中。

Solidity and Whiteness Fulfill Each Other

　　Different attributes of the same object, such as solidity and whiteness, fulfill one another. When you look at a solid white stone, you can only see its color, without knowing it is solid; when you touch the stone, you can only feel its solidity, without knowing it is white. Though solidness and whiteness cannot be perceived by a single sensory organ, the two attributes cannot be separated from each other, because they are possessed by the same stone. Later Mohist scholars used the example of the solid white stone to explain that attributes of any single object, though perceivable through different organs, are intimately associated with each other.

引例

　　無堅得白，必相盈也。（《墨子·經(jīng)說下》）（無法看到石頭的堅硬而看到其白色，但石頭的堅硬和白色必然相互包含在同一事物中。）

　　Though it is only possible to see a white stone without knowing it is solid, the two attributes of whiteness and solidness must fulfill each other. (Mozi)